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ME – 310 E MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Sessional : 50 Marks
Theory : 100 Marks

Unit I Instruments and Their Representation : Introduction, Typical Applications of Instrument Systems, Functional Elements of a Measurement System, Classification of Instruments, Standards and Calibration.

Unit II Static and Dynamic characteristics of Instruments : Introduction, Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, Threshold, Sensitivity, Linearity, Hysteresis, Dead Band, Backlash, Drift, Formulation of Differential Equations for Dynamic Performance- Zero Order, First Order and Second order systems, Response of First and Second Order Systems to Step, Ramp, Impulse and Harmonic Functions.

Unit III Transducer Elements : Introduction, Analog and Digital Transducers, Electromechanical; Potentiometric, Inductive Self Generating and Non-Self Generating Types, Electromagnetic, Electrodynamic, Eddy Current, Magnetostrictive, Variable Inductance, Linearly Variable Differential Transformer, Variable Capacitance, Piezo-Electric Transducer and Associated Circuits, Unbonded and Bonded Resistance Strain Gages. Strain Gage Bridge circuits, Single Double and Four Active Arm Bridge Arrangements, Temperature Compensation, Balancing and Calibration, Ionisation Transducers, Mechano Electronic Transducers, Opto-Electrical Transducers, Photo Conductive Transducers, Photo Volatic Transducers, Digital Transducers, Frequency Domain Transducer, Vibrating String Transducer, Binary codes, Digital Encoders.

Unit IV Intermediate, Indicating and Recording Elements : Introduction Amplifiers, Mechanical, Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Optical, Electrical Amplifying elements, Compensators, Differentiating and Integrating Elements, Filters, Classification of Filters, A-D and D-A Converters, Digital Voltmeters (DVMs), Cathode Ray Oscillo scopes (CROs), Galvanometric Recorders, Magnetic Tape recorders, Data Acquisition Systems, Data Display and Storage.

Unit V Motion, Force and Torque Measurement : Introduction, Relative motion Measuring Devices, Electromechanical, Optical, Photo Electric, Moire-Fringe, Pneumatic, Absolute Motion Devices, Seismic Devices, Spring Mass & Force Balance Type, Calibration, Hydraulic Load Cell, Pneumatic Load Cell, Elastic Force Devices, Separation of Force Components, Electro Mechanical Methods, Strain Gage, Torque Transducer, Toque Meter.

Unit VI Pressure and Flow Measurement : Pressure & Flow Measurement, Introduction : Moderate Pressure Measurement, Monometers, Elastic Transducer, Dynamic Effects of Connecting Tubing, High Pressure Transducer, Low Pressure Measurement, Calibration and Testing, Quantity Meters, Positive Displacement Meters, Flow Rate Meters, Variable Head Meters, Variable Area Meters, Rotameters, Pitot-Static Tube Meter, Drag Force Flow Meter, Turbine Flow Meter, Electronic Flow Meter, Electro Magnetic Flow meter. Hot-Wire Anemometer.

Unit VII Temperature Measurement : Introduction, Measurement of Temperature, Non Electrical Methods – Solid Rod Thermometer, Bimetallic Thermometer, Liquid-in-Glass thermometer, Pressure Thermometer, Electrical Methods – Electrical Resistance Thermometers, Semiconductor Resistance Sensors (Thermistors), Thermo–Electric Sensors, Thermocouple Materials, Radiation Methods (Pyrometry), Total Radiation Pyrometer, Selective Radiation Pyrometer.

Unit VIII Basic Statistical Concepts : Types of Measured Quantities (Discrete and Continuous), Central Tendency of Data, Mode, Median, Arithmetic Mean, Best Estimate of true Value of Data, Measures of Dispersion, Range, Mean Deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation, Normal Distribution, Central Limit Theorem, Significance Test, Method of Least Squares, Graphical Representation and Curve Fitting of Data.

Text Books :

1. Measurement systems Application and Design. Ernest O. Doebelin, Tata McGraw Hill Edition (Fourth Edition) 2002.
2. Measurement and Instrumentation in Engineering, Francis S. Tse and Ivan E. Morse, Marcel Dekker.

Reference Books :

1. Principles of Measurement and Instrumentation – Alan S. Morris Prentice Hall of India.

2. Mechanical Measurements : T.G. Beckwith, W.L. Buck and R.D. Marangoni Addison Wesley.

3. Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis – B.C. Nakra and K.K. Chaudhary, TMH.

4. Mechanical Measurements by D. S. Kumar, Kataria & Sons.

Note : In the semester examination, the examiner will set eight questions in all, at least one question from each unit & students will be required to attempt only 5 questions.

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