Engineering Tutorials

CSE- 210 E Computer Architecture & Organization

Class Work: 50
Exam: 100

Unit-1: Basic Principles: Boolean algebra and Logic gates, Combinational logic blocks(Adders, Multiplexers, Encoders, de-coder), Sequential logic blocks(Latches, Flip-Flops, Registers, Counters)

Unit-2: General System Architecture: Store program control concept, Flynn’s classification of computers (SISD, MISD, MIMD); Multilevel viewpoint of a machine: digital logic, micro architecture, ISA, operating systems, high level language; structured organization; CPU, caches, main memory, secondary memory units & I/O; Performance metrics; MIPS, MFLOPS.

Unit-3: Instruction Set Architecture: Instruction set based classification of processors (RISC, CISC, and their comparison); addressing modes: register, immediate, direct, indirect, indexed; Operations in the instruction set; Arithmetic and Logical, Data Transfer, Control Flow; Instruction set formats (fixed, variable, hybrid); Language of the machine: 8086 ; simulation using MSAM.

Unit-4: Basic non pipelined CPU Architecture: CPU Architecture types (accumulator, register, stack, memory/ register) detailed data path of a typical register based CPU, Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle (typically 3 to 5 stage); microinstruction sequencing, implementation of control unit, Enhancing performance with pipelining.

Unit-5: Memory Hierarchy & I/O Techniques: The need for a memory hierarchy (Locality of reference principle, Memory hierarchy in practice: Cache, main memory and secondary memory, Memory parameters: access/ cycle time, cost per bit); Main memory (Semiconductor RAM & ROM organization, memory expansion, Static & dynamic memory types); Cache memory (Associative & direct mapped cache organizations.

Unit-6: Introduction to Parallelism: Goals of parallelism (Exploitation of concurrency, throughput enhancement); Amdahl’s law; Instruction level parallelism (pipelining, super scaling –basic features); Processor level parallelism (Multiprocessor systems overview).

Unit-7: Computer Organization [80x86]: Instruction codes, computer register, computer instructions, timing and control, instruction cycle, type of instructions, memory reference, register reference. I/O reference, Basics of Logic Design, accumulator logic, Control memory, address sequencing, micro-instruction formats, micro-program sequencer, Stack Organization, Instruction Formats, Types of interrupts; Memory Hierarchy.

Text Books:

• Computer Organization and Design, 2^nd Ed., by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, Morgan 1997, Kauffmann.
• Computer Architecture and Organization, 3^rd Edi, by John P. Hayes, 1998, TMH.

Reference Books:

• Operating Systems Internals and Design Principles by William Stallings,4th edition, 2001, Prentice-Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
• Computer Organization, 5^th Edi, by Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic,2002, Safwat Zaky.
• Structured Computer Organisation by A.S. Tanenbaum, 4^th edition, Prentice-Hall of India, 1999, Eastern Economic Edition.
• Computer Organisation & Architecture: Designing for performance by W. Stallings, 4^th edition, 1996, Prentice-Hall International edition.
• Computer System Architecture by M. Mano, 2001, Prentice-Hall.
• Computer Architecture- Nicholas Carter, 2002, T.M.H.

Note: Eight questions will be set in all by the examiners taking at least one question from each unit. Students will be required to attempt five questions in all.

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